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Das Jahrbuch 2009/2010 greift zum einen "Fragen der Substanz heute" auf. Versucht wird eine Annäherung an eines der schwierigsten Themen der Philosophie Blochs, seinem Verständnis von Substanz. Offenkundig ist, dass Bloch am Substanz-Begriff festhält, sich aber systematisch kaum dazu äußert. Insofern mag es nicht verwundern, wenn die Interpretationen breit gefächert sind, im Grund auch nicht zu einer einvernehmlichen Auffassung vorzudringen war. Die Beiträge sind daher im wahrsten Sinn des Wortes als Experimente zu verstehen, als Angebote für eine fortzusetzende Debatte. Wie geht es weiter "Jenseits des Kapitalismus?" Dies ist zum anderen die Frage, die im Mittelpunkt eines EBA-Workshops stand. Publiziert werden drei Vorträge, die (neben einem Theater-Experiment und einer politischen Debatte vor Ort) aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven Krisensymptome beleuchten und neue Horizonte in den Blick nehmen.
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Gaven Kerr provides the first book-length study of St. Thomas Aquinas's much neglected proof for the existence of God in De Ente et Essentia Chapter 4. He offers a contemporary presentation, interpretation, and defense of this proof, beginning with an account of the metaphysical principles used by Aquinas and then describing how they are employed within the proof to establish the existence of God. Along the way, Kerr engages contemporary authors who have addressed Aquinas's or similar reasoning. The proof developed in the De Ente is, on Kerr's reading, independent of many of the other proofs in Aquinas's corpus and resistant to the traditional classificatory schemes of proofs of God. By applying a historical and hermeneutical awareness of the philosophical issues presented by Aquinas's thought and evaluating such philosophical issues with analytical precision, Kerr is able to move through the proof and evaluate what Aquinas is saying, and whether what he is saying is true. By means of an analysis of one of Aquinas's earliest proofs, Kerr highlights a foundational argument that is present throughout the much more commonly studied Thomistic writings, and brings it to bear within the context of analytical philosophy, showing its relevance to the contemporary reader.
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Substance has been a leading idea in the history of Western philosophy. Joshua Hoffman and Gary S. Rosenkrantzexplain the nature and existence of individual substances, including both living things and inanimate objects. Specifically written for students new to this important and often complex subject, Substanceprovides both the historical and contemporary overview of the debate.Great Philosophers of the past, such as Aristotle, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibnitz, Locke, and Berkeley were profoundly interested in the concept of substance. And, the authors argue, a belief in the existence of substances is an integral part of our everyday world view. But what constitutes substance? Was Aristotle right to suggest that artefacts like tables and ships don't really exist?Substance: Its Nature and Existenceis one of the first non-technical, accessible guides to this central problem and will be of great use to students of metaphysics and philosophy.aphysics and philosophy.
Substance (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Substance (philosophy)
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What are humans ? What makes us who we are?Many think that we are just complicated machines, or animals that are different from machines only by being conscious. In Are We Bodies or Souls? Richard Swinburne comes to the defence of the soul and presents new philosophical arguments that are supported by modern neuroscience. When scientific advances enable neuroscientists to transplant a part of brain into a new body, he reasons, no matter how much we can find out about their brain activity or conscious experiences we will never know whether the resulting person is the same as before or somebody entirely new. Swinburne thus argues that we are immaterial souls sustained in existence by our brains. Sensations, thoughts, and intentions are conscious events in our souls that cause events in our brains. While scientists might discover some of the laws of nature that determine conscious events and brain events, each person's soul is an individual thing and this is what ultimately makes us who we are.
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